Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a progressive condition that damages the optic nerve, often without early symptoms. Early detection and ongoing management are essential to preserving long-term vision.Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that cause gradual damage to the optic nerve – the structure responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain.
Often referred to as the “sneak thief of sight,” glaucoma typically develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Vision loss occurs slowly and painlessly, which is why up to 50% of Australians with glaucoma remain undiagnosed.
Vision already lost to glaucoma cannot be restored. Early detection and ongoing management are critical to preserving long-term sight.
What Is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma occurs when damage to the optic nerve leads to progressive and irreversible vision loss. In many cases, this damage is associated with elevated pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), although glaucoma can also develop when eye pressure is within the normal range.
The condition typically affects peripheral (side) vision first. Without treatment, central vision may eventually become involved.
More than 300,000 Australians are currently living with glaucoma. While it becomes more common with age – affecting approximately one in eight Australians over 80 – it can occur at any stage of life.
Family history is a significant risk factor. If a close relative has glaucoma, your risk increases by up to eight times.
Symptoms
In its early stages, glaucoma often causes no symptoms.
As the condition progresses, symptoms may include:
- Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
- Difficulty navigating in low light
- Reduced contrast sensitivity
- Tunnel vision in advanced stages
In contrast, acute (angle-closure) glaucoma can present suddenly and requires urgent medical attention. Symptoms may include:
- Severe eye pain
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Blurred vision
- Redness of the eye
- Halos around lights
Sudden symptoms should be treated as a medical emergency.
Next Steps
Because glaucoma often develops silently, regular comprehensive eye examinations are essential – particularly if you are over 40 or have a family history of the condition.
If glaucoma is suspected, a specialist assessment allows for early diagnosis and the development of a tailored management plan. While the condition cannot be cured, treatment is highly effective in slowing or preventing further vision loss.
Assessment & Diagnosis
A glaucoma assessment involves detailed testing to evaluate:
- Intraocular pressure
- Optic nerve structure
- Peripheral (visual field) function
- Corneal thickness
- Drainage angle anatomy
Advanced imaging allows us to detect even subtle changes in the optic nerve before noticeable vision loss occurs.
Because glaucoma progresses gradually, ongoing monitoring is a critical part of long-term care. Our approach is measured and proactive, ensuring treatment is introduced at the right time and adjusted carefully as needed.
Treatments
The goal of glaucoma treatment is to lower eye pressure and protect the optic nerve from further damage. Treatment is individualised based on the type and severity of glaucoma.
- Eye Drops & Medications
- Laser Treatment
- MIGS (Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery)
In certain cases, a combination of treatments provides the most effective long-term control.
Recovery & Aftercare
Recovery depends on the type of treatment performed.
For laser procedures:
- Treatment is performed in the clinic
- Vision may be slightly blurred temporarily
- Normal activities can usually resume quickly
For surgical procedures:
- Post-operative eye drops are required
- Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor pressure
- Recovery is typically straightforward
Glaucoma management is ongoing. Regular reviews allow us to carefully monitor stability, adjust treatment where necessary, and protect your vision over time.