Corneal Abrasion & Corneal Ulcer
The cornea is the clear, protective front surface of the eye that plays a vital role in focusing vision. Damage or infection of the cornea can cause significant discomfort and may affect vision if not treated promptly.Two common conditions are corneal abrasions and corneal ulcers, which both involve surface damage but differ in their causes and treatment.
What Is a Corneal Abrasion or Corneal Ulcer?
A corneal abrasion is a scratch or injury to the surface layer of the cornea. This usually occurs following physical trauma to the eye, such as rubbing the eye, a foreign body entering the eye, or accidental contact.
A corneal ulcer, also known as microbial keratitis, is a more serious condition involving an open sore on the cornea. It is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection but can also occur due to viral or fungal infections.
Because the cornea is essential for clear vision, prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications and preserve eye health.
In some cases, a previous corneal abrasion can lead to recurrent corneal erosion syndrome, where the surface of the cornea repeatedly breaks down without a new injury. This often occurs during sleep or upon waking.
Symptoms
Symptoms may vary depending on the severity of the condition but commonly include:
- Eye pain or discomfort
- Redness of the eye
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurred vision
- Excessive tearing
- A sensation of something in the eye
- Difficulty keeping the eye open
If these symptoms occur suddenly or worsen rapidly, urgent assessment is recommended.
Next Steps
If you experience significant eye pain, redness or vision changes following an eye injury, prompt medical assessment is important.
Early treatment can prevent complications and support healing of the corneal surface. In the case of infection, rapid treatment is essential to protect vision.
Assessment & Diagnosis
Evaluation typically involves:
- Examination of the cornea using specialised microscopy
- Fluorescein dye testing to identify surface damage
- Assessment for infection or inflammation
- Identification of any underlying causes such as foreign bodies or eyelid abnormalities
Accurate diagnosis allows treatment to be tailored to the specific condition and severity.
Treatments
Treatment depends on whether the condition is an abrasion, infection or recurrent corneal erosion.
Medical Therapy
Medicated eye drops or ointments may be prescribed to prevent infection, reduce inflammation and support healing of the corneal surface.
Bandage Contact Lens
A soft therapeutic contact lens may be used to protect the cornea, reduce discomfort and promote healing.
Laser Treatment
In selected cases of recurrent corneal erosion, laser treatment may be used to improve the stability of the corneal surface and reduce the likelihood of recurrence.
Recovery & Aftercare
Most corneal abrasions heal within a few days with appropriate treatment. Corneal ulcers may require closer monitoring and longer treatment depending on the underlying infection.
Follow-up examinations are important to ensure the cornea heals properly and that vision remains unaffected.