Pterygium
A pterygium is a benign tissue growth on the white of the eye that can extend onto the cornea. It typically forms on the inner corner and is linked to long-term exposure to sunlight, wind, and dry conditions. Though usually harmless, it may occasionally cause irritation, redness, or vision changes.What Is a Pterygium?
A pterygium develops when conjunctival tissue – the thin membrane covering the white of the eye – begins to grow onto the cornea. This growth typically has a triangular shape and may gradually enlarge over time.
Although the condition often progresses slowly over many years, growth can sometimes occur more rapidly. In early stages, a pterygium may cause minimal symptoms. As it becomes larger, however, it can affect comfort, vision and the appearance of the eye.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the size and stage of the pterygium and may include:
- A visible growth on the white of the eye
- Redness or inflammation
- A gritty or sandy sensation
- A feeling of a foreign body in the eye
- Dryness or irritation
- Blurred vision if the growth extends onto the cornea
If the pterygium grows large enough, it may begin to affect the shape of the cornea and impact visual clarity.
Next Steps
If you notice a persistent growth on the eye or experience ongoing irritation, an eye examination can confirm whether a pterygium is present. Early assessment allows monitoring of the condition and helps determine whether treatment is required.
Assessment & Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made during a comprehensive eye examination. Your ophthalmologist will assess:
- The size and location of the pterygium
- Any impact on the cornea or vision
- Signs of inflammation or irritation
- The rate of progression over time
Monitoring may be recommended if the pterygium is small and not affecting vision.
Treatments
Treatment depends on the size of the pterygium and symptoms experienced.
Lubricating or anti-inflammatory eye drops can help relieve irritation, redness, and dryness. Surgery may be recommended if it causes discomfort, affects vision, or continues growing.
Modern techniques aim to remove the growth while reducing the risk of recurrence.
Recovery & Aftercare
Following pterygium surgery, the eye will be monitored closely to ensure proper healing.
Post-operative care typically includes prescribed eye drops and follow-up visits to assess recovery and reduce the likelihood of recurrence.
Protecting the eyes from sun exposure – particularly through the use of UV-protective sunglasses – is an important part of long-term management.